کنفرانس مهندسی برق ایران

صفحه اصلی / سی و چهارمین کنفرانس بین المللی مهندسی برق

A Novel Design of Efficient Coplanar 2×2 QCA Multiplier with Energy Analysis

نویسندگان :

Shobeir Fayazi¹ Ahmad Hamid² Alireza Maleki³

1- دانشگاه بوعلی سینا 2- دانشگاه بوعلی سینا 3- دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

کلمات کلیدی :

QCA،2×2 multiplier،majority gate،coplanar layout،energy dissipation،low-cost arithmetic

چکیده :

Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) provides a promising nanotechnology platform for compact arithmetic by representing logic states through cell polarization and realizing computation via majority and inverter primitives. In this paper, a low-cost 2×2 QCA multiplier is presented with a majority-logic-friendly formulation and a layout-oriented clock-zoning strategy targeting reduced footprint and improved implementation efficiency. The proposed structure employs localized partial-product generation and a compact two-stage reduction network to limit routing complexity and clock-phase latency in a single-layer coplanar layout. Functional correctness is verified in QCADesigner, and energy dissipation is evaluated in QCADesigner-E using a unified parameter set with all energy values normalized to milli–electron-volt (meV) for consistent comparison. The design achieves 103 cells and 0.109 μm² area with 1.25 clock-phase delay, resulting in Cost= 0.136 and Efficient Complexity = 11.22. Energy analysis reports EDAVG=7.4 meV and EDSUM= 80.1 meV. Compared with the best single-layer reference design (107 cells, EC = 12.84), the proposed multiplier reduces cell count by 3.7% and improves Efficient Complexity by 12.6%, while preserving a comparable latency profile.