کنفرانس مهندسی برق ایران

صفحه اصلی / سی و چهارمین کنفرانس بین المللی مهندسی برق

Narrative Review on Solar Inverters: Topologies, Control Strategies, and Standards

نویسندگان :

Elias Shokati Asl¹ Hassan Nasiri² Darioush Alizadeh³

1- Materials and Energy Research Center 2- University of Tabriz 3- Imam Khomeini International University

کلمات کلیدی :

solar inverters

چکیده :

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems, the role of solar inverters has changed from mere power converters to critical elements in grid stability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the classification of photovoltaic inverters based on grid interaction parameters, circuit topology, and control strategies. First, the fundamental categories including grid-connected, off-grid, and hybrid inverters are described, and central, string, and microinverter architectures are compared from the perspective of efficiency and shading management. Next, focusing on the sustainability challenges in modern low-inertia grids, the fundamental differences between grid-following and grid-forming inverters are analyzed. The study shows that grid-forming inverters are a key solution for weak grids by mimicking the behavior of synchronous machines and providing services such as virtual inertia and black start capability. Also, novel control strategies such as virtual synchronous machine (VSG) and droop control are evaluated. Finally, standardization frameworks including IEC 61727 and IEC 62116 are reviewed to ensure power quality and safety against islanding.